\u7f16\u8f91\u4e28\u4fe1\u9675<\/p>\n
\u56fe\u6e90\u4e28\u56fe\u866b\u521b\u610f<\/p>\n
\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u5e08\u5f7c\u5f97 \u5fb7\u9c81\u514b\u6709\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u521b\u610f\u65e2\u5ec9\u4ef7\u53c8\u4e30\u5bcc\uff08cheap and abundant\uff09\uff0c\u80fd\u5c06\u521b\u610f\u4e0e\u573a\u666f\u6709\u6548\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u800c\u4ed8\u8bf8\u884c\u52a8\u624d\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u521b\u6295\u5708\u5949\u4e3a\u572d\u81ec\u3002\u7ecf\u5e38\u542c\u8fc7\u6295\u8d44\u4eba\u544a\u8beb\u521b\u4e1a\u8005\uff1a\u8c01\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u505a\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8c01\u80fd\u8dd1\u51fa\u6765\uff1b\u7b11\u5230\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u662f\u7b11\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u521b\u4e1a\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5c31\u662f\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6562\u6311\u6218\u5fb7\u9c81\u514b\u7684\u4e5f\u5927\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n
The Generalist\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u9a6c\u91cc\u5965\u00b7\u52a0\u5e03\u91cc\u57c3\u5c14\uff08Mario Gabriele\uff09\u5f15\u7528\u4e8630\u591a\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u597d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u5f88\u7a00\u7f3a\u3002\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5c31\u65e0\u4ece\u8c08\u8d77\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u8fd1\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u957f\u6587\u300a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u521b\u610f\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f\u300b\uff08Where Do Great Ideas Come From?\uff09\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u9a71\u52a8\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u3001\u6fc0\u52b1\u548c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u8981\u60f3\u4ea7\u751f\u597d\u7684\u521b\u610f\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u521b\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u7ecf\u5fae\u65b0\u521b\u60f3\u7f16\u8f91\u6574\u7406\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u521b\u610f\u7684\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n \u968f\u7740AI\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u5174\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u601d\u8003\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u57f9\u517b\u521b\u610f\uff1f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u521b\u610f\uff1f<\/p>\n \u5fb7\u9c81\u514b\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u5de5\u5546\u754c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u4f6c\u90fd\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6784\u601d\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u521b\u9020\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5fb7\u9c81\u514b\u7684\u8bdd\u4e0d\u4e4f\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u521b\u610f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5ec9\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u521b\u610f\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u610f\u548c\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u201c\u7ed3\u5408\u201d\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u4f1f\u5927\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n \u4eba\u7c7b\u8863\u670d\u7684\u7ea4\u7ef4\u3001\u98df\u7269\u7684\u51b7\u85cf\u3001\u836f\u7269\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u8111\u82af\u7247\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u59cb\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u76f8\u4e92\u53e0\u52a0\u3001\u5de7\u5999\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n \u597d\u7684\u521b\u610f\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u53d6\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5c3d\u7528\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7aed\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u521b\u610f\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u5e74\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300a\u521b\u610f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96be\u627e\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u300b\uff08Are Ideas Getting Harder to Find?\uff09\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6295\u5165\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u5374\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08\u5373\u7535\u8111\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u6570\u91cf\u6bcf\u4e24\u5e74\u7ffb\u4e00\u756a\uff09\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e0e1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a018\u500d\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u5374\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u533b\u7597\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u75b2\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n \u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e94\u8be5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u60f3\u6cd5\u6765\u81ea\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e26\u6765\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u80fd\u591f\u9f13\u52b1\u72ec\u521b\u6027\uff1f\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u96c7\u7528\u8c01\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u9a7e\u9a6d\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1f<\/p>\n \u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u67e5\u4e8630\u591a\u9879\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u4e86\u4e03\u5927\u53d1\u73b0<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n 1\uff0e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6fc0\u52b1\u662f\u667a\u8005\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u611a\u8005\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f60\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u201c\u773c\u955c\u86c7\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u5417\uff1f\u5f53\u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u5fb7\u91cc\u7684\u6bd2\u86c7\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e00\u9879\u8d4f\u91d1\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5956\u52b1\u4efb\u4f55\u5e26\u6765\u773c\u955c\u86c7\u5c38\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n \u806a\u660e\u7684\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5f88\u5feb\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8fb9\u6740\u86c7\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u517b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u86c7\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u51cf\u5c11\u773c\u955c\u86c7\u79cd\u7fa4\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u53cd\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n \u5e0c\u671b\u907f\u514d\u201c\u773c\u955c\u86c7\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8bc4\u4f30\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u521b\u9020\u529b\u662f\u5947\u602a\u800c\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u82b1\u6735\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u751f\u957f\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n 2009\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300a\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u529b\u300b\uff08Incentives and Creativity\uff09\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6fc0\u52b1\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u7acb\u536b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u9662(NIH)\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u4f11\u65af\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240(HHMI)\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e24\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u671f\u671b\u5dee\u522b\u5f88\u5927\u3002NIH\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u5468\u671f\u5f88\u77ed\uff0c\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u53ef\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u800cHHMI\u5219\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\uff0c\u5bf9\u5931\u8d25\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u4e14\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002\u4e0eNIH\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n \u54ea\u4e00\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1aHHMI\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u66f4\u5177\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u66f4\u591a\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u66f4\u9ad8\u300233%\u7684HHMI\u6210\u5458\u88ab\u63d0\u540d\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0cNIH\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u662f4.1%\u3002<\/p>\n \u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u300a\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5931\u8d25\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u521b\u65b0\u300b\uff08Tolerance for Failure and Corporate Innovation\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u201c\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5931\u8d25\u201d\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6295\u8d44\u4eba\u652f\u6301\u7684IPO\u516c\u53f8\u521b\u65b0\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u66f4\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5bf9\u957f\u671f\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u52c7\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fdb\u884c\u6fc0\u52b1\u3002\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5931\u8d25\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n 2\uff0e\u5c40\u5916\u4eba<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6700\u597d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6765\u81ea\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u4e86\u89e3\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u65b0\u624b\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u4e13\u5bb6\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4e54\u5e03\u65af\u7279\u522b\u63a8\u5d07\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n \u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u521b\u9020\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u65f6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\uff1f<\/p>\n 2014\u5e74\u300a\u7ba1\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u5de5\u79cd\uff08\u6728\u5320\u3001\u5c4b\u9876\u5b89\u88c5\u5de5\u548c\u76f4\u6392\u8f6e\u6ed1\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\uff09\u9009\u5b9a\u4e86213\u540d\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n \u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u8981\u6c42\u4e09\u7ec4\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u4eec\u64c5\u957f\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff09\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6728\u5320\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5c4b\u9876\u5b89\u88c5\u5de5\u548c\u76f4\u6392\u8f6e\u6ed1\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n \u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5916\u884c\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u5c4b\u9876\u7684\u4eba\u5bf9\u6728\u5320\u548c\u76f4\u6392\u8f6e\u6ed1\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u539f\u521b\u60f3\u6cd5\u6bd4\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u884c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u8981\u591a\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n \u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8de8\u754c\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c31\u8d8a\u65b0\u9896\u3002\u76f4\u6392\u8f6e\u6ed1\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u4e0e\u6728\u5320\u548c\u5c4b\u9876\u5b89\u88c5\u5de5\u7684\u201c\u8de8\u754c\u201d\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6bd4\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u7ec4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63d0\u6848\u66f4\u5177\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u66f4\u6709\u521b\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u901a\u5e38\u7a0d\u5f31\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u540c\u884c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u3001\u6216\u662f\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u5927\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n \u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8bf7\u6559\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u54a8\u8be2\u6765\u81ea\u76f8\u8fd1\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n 3\uff0e\u534f\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n \u9a6c\u91cc\u5170\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u51ef\u6587\u00b7\u9093\u5df4\uff08Kevin Dunbar\uff09\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bfc\u81f4\u7814\u7a76\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n \u9093\u5df4\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c50%\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u201d\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u4e0d\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u5929\u624d\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u6bcf\u5468\u4f8b\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u4f8b\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5411\u540c\u4e8b\u5c55\u793a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u63d0\u95ee\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u534f\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u7279\u522b\u6709\u6548\u3002\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u663e\u5fae\u955c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f1a\u8bae\u684c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u56de\u7b54\u63d0\u95ee\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u521b\u610f\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u9093\u5df4\u57281995\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u771f\u6b63\u63a8\u7406\u300b\u6709\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n \u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u67d0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec6\u8282\u548c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ec6\u80de\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5230\u8fbe\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u8feb\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ed6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u539f\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n \u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u8ba9\u540c\u884c\u6446\u8131\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u9093\u5df4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5408\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n 4\uff0e\u8d85\u7ea7\u5de8\u661f<\/strong><\/p>\n \u9093\u5df4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u521b\u65b0\u65b9\u9762\u4ecd\u7136\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n 2008\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u300a\u8d85\u7ea7\u5de8\u661f\u7684\u706d\u7edd\u300b\uff08Superstar Extinction\uff09\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6770\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u521b\u610f\u5236\u4f5c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n \u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7814\u7a76\u4e8610,349\u540d\u7cbe\u82f1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4e861979-2003\u5e74\u95f4\u610f\u5916\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684112\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n \u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u660e\u661f\u201d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u65e9\u901d\u5bf9\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u8bba\u6587\u6570\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u8d8a\u662f\u5728\u667a\u529b\u4e0a\u4e0e\u8d85\u7ea7\u5de8\u661f\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n \u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u610f\u7684\u6784\u601d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u6325\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6765\u6e90\u201d\u6d88\u4ea1\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u635f\u5931\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n 5\uff0e\u7ecf\u7eaa\u4eba<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4eba\u662f\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u6269\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u8fd9\u5f20\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6765\u81ea\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff1f<\/p>\n \u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f2f\u7279\uff08Ronald Burt\uff092004\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u7ed3\u6784\u6f0f\u6d1e\u548c\u597d\u60f3\u6cd5\u300b(Structural Holes and Good Ideas)\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u5bb6\u5927\u578b\u7535\u5b50\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u65b0\u9896\u521b\u610f\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8981\u6c42600\u591a\u4f4d\u8be5\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u5c31\u516c\u53f8\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u63d0\u4f9b\u521b\u610f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n \u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u804c\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u53d7\u9650\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u6bd4\u7f51\u7edc\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u8d28\u91cf\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u7ea6\u675f\u5206\u6570\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3001\u664b\u5347\u548c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u85aa\u6c34\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u6587\u5316\u5e38\u5e38\u8fc7\u5ea6\u9f13\u52b1\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u7ecf\u7eaa\u4eba\u201d\u6536\u83b7\u56de\u62a5\u6700\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n 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